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	<h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading" >Flanging</h1>
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		<div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div>
		<div id="contentSub"><span class="mw-redirectedfrom">&#160;&#160;(Redirected from <a href="/w/index.php?title=Flanger&amp;redirect=no" class="mw-redirect" title="Flanger">Flanger</a>)</span></div>
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		<div id="mw-content-text" lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"><div class="mw-parser-output"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Flanger" redirects here. For the musical project, see <a href="/wiki/Flanger_(band)" title="Flanger (band)">Flanger (band)</a>. For the railway vehicle, see <a href="/wiki/Flanger_(railroad)" title="Flanger (railroad)">Flanger (railroad)</a>.</div>
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<td class="mbox-image"><div class="center"><div class="floatnone"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Gnome-mime-sound-openclipart.svg/50px-Gnome-mime-sound-openclipart.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="50" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Gnome-mime-sound-openclipart.svg/75px-Gnome-mime-sound-openclipart.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Gnome-mime-sound-openclipart.svg/100px-Gnome-mime-sound-openclipart.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="160" data-file-height="160" /></div></div></td>
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<div style="padding:4px 0"><a href="/wiki/File:Flanging_effect.ogg" title="File:Flanging effect.ogg">Example of flanging</a></div>
<div><div class="mediaContainer" style="width:220px"><audio id="mwe_player_0" controls="" preload="none" style="width:220px" class="kskin" data-durationhint="15.383219954649" data-startoffset="0" data-mwtitle="Flanging_effect.ogg" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/56/Flanging_effect.ogg" type="audio/ogg; codecs=&quot;vorbis&quot;" data-title="Original Ogg file (112 kbps)" data-shorttitle="Ogg source" data-width="0" data-height="0" data-bandwidth="111966" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/56/Flanging_effect.ogg/Flanging_effect.ogg.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" data-title="MP3" data-shorttitle="MP3" data-transcodekey="mp3" data-width="0" data-height="0" data-bandwidth="199608" /></audio></div></div>
<div class="description" style="padding:2px 0 0 0">A short sample followed by two flanging versions.</div></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2" class="mbox-text" style="line-height:1.1em"><hr /><i class="selfreference">Problems playing this file? See <a href="/wiki/Help:Media" title="Help:Media">media help</a>.</i></td></tr>
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<p><b>Flanging</b> <span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="&#39;f&#39; in &#39;find&#39;">f</span><span title="&#39;l&#39; in &#39;lie&#39;">l</span><span title="/æ/: &#39;a&#39; in &#39;bad&#39;">æ</span><span title="&#39;n&#39; in &#39;nigh&#39;">n</span><span title="/dʒ/: &#39;j&#39; in &#39;jam&#39;">dʒ</span><span title="/ɪ/: &#39;i&#39; in &#39;kit&#39;">ɪ</span><span title="/ŋ/: &#39;ng&#39; in &#39;sing&#39;">ŋ</span></span>/</a></span></span>  is an <a href="/wiki/Audio_signal_processing" title="Audio signal processing">audio effect</a> produced by mixing two identical <a href="/wiki/Audio_signal" title="Audio signal">signals</a> together, one signal delayed by a small and gradually changing period, usually smaller than 20 <a href="/wiki/Millisecond" title="Millisecond">milliseconds</a>. This produces a swept <a href="/wiki/Comb_filter" title="Comb filter">comb filter</a> effect: peaks and notches are produced in the resulting <a href="/wiki/Frequency_spectrum" class="mw-redirect" title="Frequency spectrum">frequency spectrum</a>, related to each other in a linear <a href="/wiki/Harmonic_series_(music)" title="Harmonic series (music)">harmonic series</a>. Varying the time delay causes these to sweep up and down the frequency spectrum. A <b>flanger</b> is an <a href="/wiki/Effects_unit" title="Effects unit">effects unit</a> that creates this effect.
</p><p>Part of the output signal is usually fed back to the input (a "re-circulating <a href="/wiki/Delay_(audio_effect)" title="Delay (audio effect)">delay line</a>"), producing a resonance effect which further enhances the intensity of the peaks and troughs. The phase of the fed-back signal is sometimes inverted, producing another variation on the flanger sound.
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<div id="toc" class="toc" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="mw-toc-heading"><input type="checkbox" role="button" id="toctogglecheckbox" class="toctogglecheckbox" style="display:none" /><div class="toctitle" lang="en" dir="ltr"><h2 id="mw-toc-heading">Contents</h2><span class="toctogglespan"><label class="toctogglelabel" for="toctogglecheckbox"></label></span></div>
<ul>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="#Origin"><span class="tocnumber">1</span> <span class="toctext">Origin</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-2"><a href="#Artificial_flanging"><span class="tocnumber">2</span> <span class="toctext">Artificial flanging</span></a>
<ul>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-3"><a href="#&quot;Barber_pole&quot;_flanging"><span class="tocnumber">2.1</span> <span class="toctext">"Barber pole" flanging</span></a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-4"><a href="#Comparison_with_phase_shifting"><span class="tocnumber">3</span> <span class="toctext">Comparison with phase shifting</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-5"><a href="#See_also"><span class="tocnumber">4</span> <span class="toctext">See also</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-6"><a href="#References"><span class="tocnumber">5</span> <span class="toctext">References</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-7"><a href="#External_links"><span class="tocnumber">6</span> <span class="toctext">External links</span></a></li>
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<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Origin">Origin</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Flanging&amp;action=edit&amp;section=1" title="Edit section: Origin">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
<p>As an audio effect, a listener hears a "drainpipe" or "swoosh" or "jet plane" sweeping effect as shifting sum-and-difference harmonics are created analogous to use of a variable <a href="/wiki/Band-stop_filter" title="Band-stop filter">notch filter</a>. The term "flanging" comes from one of the early methods of producing the effect. The finished music track is recorded simultaneously to two matching <a href="/wiki/Tape_recorders" class="mw-redirect" title="Tape recorders">tape machines</a>, then replayed with both decks in sync. The output from the two recorders is mixed to a third recorder. The engineer slows down one playback recorder by lightly pressing a finger on the <a href="/wiki/Flange" title="Flange">flange</a> (rim) of the supply reel. The "drainpipe" or subtle "swoosh" 'flange flango' effect "sweeps" in one direction, and the playback of that recorder remains slightly behind the other when the finger is removed. By pressing a finger on the flange of the other deck, the effect sweeps back in the other direction as the decks progress towards being in sync. The <a href="/wiki/Beatles" class="mw-redirect" title="Beatles">Beatles</a>' producer <a href="/wiki/George_Martin" title="George Martin">George Martin</a> has disputed this "reel flange" source, attributing the term to <a href="/wiki/John_Lennon" title="John Lennon">John Lennon</a> instead.<sup id="cite_ref-Martin_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Martin-1">&#91;1&#93;</a></sup>
</p><p>Despite claims over who originated flanging, <a href="/wiki/Les_Paul" title="Les Paul">Les Paul</a> discovered the effect in the late 1940s and 1950s; however, he did most of his early phasing experiments with acetate disks on variable-speed record players. On "Mammy's Boogie" (1952) he used two disk recorders, one with a variable speed control.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2">&#91;2&#93;</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3">&#91;3&#93;</a></sup> The first hit song with a very discernible flanging effect was "<a href="/wiki/The_Big_Hurt_(song)" title="The Big Hurt (song)">The Big Hurt</a>" (1959) by <a href="/wiki/Toni_Fisher" title="Toni Fisher">Toni Fisher</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Lacasse2004_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lacasse2004-4">&#91;4&#93;</a></sup>
</p><p>Further development of the classic effect is attributed to <a href="/wiki/Ken_Townsend" title="Ken Townsend">Ken Townsend</a>, an engineer at <a href="/wiki/EMI" title="EMI">EMI</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Abbey_Road_Studio" class="mw-redirect" title="Abbey Road Studio">Abbey Road Studio</a>, who devised a process in the spring of 1966. Tired of laboriously re-recording dual vocal tracks, <a href="/wiki/John_Lennon" title="John Lennon">John Lennon</a> asked Townsend if there was some way for the <a href="/wiki/Beatles" class="mw-redirect" title="Beatles">Beatles</a> to get the sound of double-tracked vocals without doing the work. Townsend devised <a href="/wiki/Automatic_double_tracking" title="Automatic double tracking">artificial double tracking</a> or ADT. According to historian <a href="/wiki/Mark_Lewisohn" title="Mark Lewisohn">Mark Lewisohn</a>, it was Lennon who first called the technique "flanging". Lennon asked George Martin to explain how ADT worked, and Martin answered with the nonsense explanation "Now listen, it's very simple. We take the original image and we split it through a double vibrocated sploshing flange with double negative feedback".<sup id="cite_ref-Martin_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Martin-1">&#91;1&#93;</a></sup> Lennon thought Martin was joking. Martin replied, "Well, let's flange it again and see". From that point, when Lennon wanted ADT he would ask for his voice to be flanged, or call out for "Ken's flanger". According to Lewisohn, the Beatles' influence meant the term "flanging" is still in use today, more than 50 years later. The first Beatles track to feature flanging was "<a href="/wiki/Tomorrow_Never_Knows" title="Tomorrow Never Knows">Tomorrow Never Knows</a>" from <i><a href="/wiki/Revolver_(Beatles_album)" title="Revolver (Beatles album)">Revolver</a></i>, recorded on 6 April 1966. When <i>Revolver</i> was released on 5 August 1966, almost every song had been subjected to flanging.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5">&#91;5&#93;</a></sup>
</p><p>Others have attributed it to <a href="/wiki/George_Chkiantz" title="George Chkiantz">George Chkiantz</a>, an engineer at <a href="/wiki/Olympic_Studios" title="Olympic Studios">Olympic Studios</a> in <a href="/wiki/Barnes,_London" title="Barnes, London">Barnes</a>, <a href="/wiki/London" title="London">London</a>. One of the first instances on a pop recording was <a href="/wiki/The_Small_Faces" class="mw-redirect" title="The Small Faces">the Small Faces</a>' 1967 single "<a href="/wiki/Itchycoo_Park" title="Itchycoo Park">Itchycoo Park</a>",<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6">&#91;6&#93;</a></sup> recorded at Olympic and engineered by Chkiantz's colleague <a href="/wiki/Glyn_Johns" title="Glyn Johns">Glyn Johns</a>.
</p>
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<td class="mbox-image"><div class="center"><div class="floatnone"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Gnome-mime-sound-openclipart.svg/50px-Gnome-mime-sound-openclipart.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="50" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Gnome-mime-sound-openclipart.svg/75px-Gnome-mime-sound-openclipart.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Gnome-mime-sound-openclipart.svg/100px-Gnome-mime-sound-openclipart.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="160" data-file-height="160" /></div></div></td>
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<div style="padding:4px 0"><a href="/wiki/File:Itchycoo_park.ogg" title="File:Itchycoo park.ogg"><i>Itchycoo Park</i> – The Small Faces</a></div>
<div><div class="mediaContainer" style="width:220px"><audio id="mwe_player_1" controls="" preload="none" style="width:220px" class="kskin" data-durationhint="17.8" data-startoffset="0" data-mwtitle="Itchycoo_park.ogg" data-mwprovider="local"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/b/b0/Itchycoo_park.ogg" type="audio/ogg; codecs=&quot;vorbis&quot;" data-title="Original Ogg file (50 kbps)" data-shorttitle="Ogg source" data-width="0" data-height="0" data-bandwidth="49880" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/transcoded/b/b0/Itchycoo_park.ogg/Itchycoo_park.ogg.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" data-title="MP3" data-shorttitle="MP3" data-transcodekey="mp3" data-width="0" data-height="0" data-bandwidth="121984" /></audio></div></div>
<div class="description" style="padding:2px 0 0 0">listen to the tape flanging effect on the 1967 single.</div></div></td></tr>
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<p>The first stereo flanging is credited to producer <a href="/wiki/Eddie_Kramer" title="Eddie Kramer">Eddie Kramer</a>, in the coda of <a href="/wiki/Jimi_Hendrix" title="Jimi Hendrix">Jimi Hendrix</a>'s "<a href="/wiki/Bold_as_Love_(song)" title="Bold as Love (song)">Bold as Love</a>" (1967). Kramer said in the 1990s that he read <a href="/wiki/BBC_Radiophonic_Workshop" title="BBC Radiophonic Workshop">BBC Radiophonic Workshop</a> journals for ideas and <a href="/wiki/Circuit_diagram" title="Circuit diagram">circuit diagrams</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#91;<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (December 2020)">citation needed</span></a></i>&#93;</sup>
</p>
<div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:302px;"><a href="/wiki/File:FLANGING5.PNG" class="image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b2/FLANGING5.PNG/300px-FLANGING5.PNG" decoding="async" width="300" height="166" class="thumbimage" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b2/FLANGING5.PNG/450px-FLANGING5.PNG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/b/b2/FLANGING5.PNG 2x" data-file-width="555" data-file-height="307" /></a>  <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:FLANGING5.PNG" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div>Kendrick's setup to control flanging</div></div></div>
<p>In 1968, the record producer for <a href="/wiki/The_Litter" title="The Litter">the Litter</a>, Warren Kendrick, devised a method to precisely control flanging by placing two 15 ips (inches per second) stereo <a href="/wiki/Ampex" title="Ampex">Ampex</a> tape recorders side by side.<sup id="cite_ref-KTelReissue10002_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-KTelReissue10002-7">&#91;7&#93;</a></sup> The take-up reel of recorder A and supply reel of B were disabled, as were channel 2 of recorder A, channel 1 of recorder B and the erase head of recorder B. The tape was fed left-to-right across <b>both</b> recorders and an identical signal was recorded on each channel of the tape, but displaced by approximately 18&#160;inches along the length of the tape. During recording, an ordinary screwdriver was wedged between the recorders to make the tape run "uphill" and "downhill." The same configuration was employed during the playback/mixdown to a third recorder. The screwdriver was moved back and forth to cause the two signals to diverge, then converge. The latter technique permits zero point flanging; i.e., the lagging signal crosses over the leading signal and the signals change places.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8">&#91;8&#93;</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9">&#91;9&#93;</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10">&#91;10&#93;</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11">&#91;11&#93;</a></sup>
</p><p>A similar "jet plane-like" effect can occur naturally in long distance <a href="/wiki/Shortwave_radio" title="Shortwave radio">shortwave radio</a> music broadcasts. In this case the delays are caused by variable radio wave propagation time and multipath radio interference.
</p>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Artificial_flanging">Artificial flanging</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Flanging&amp;action=edit&amp;section=2" title="Edit section: Artificial flanging">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
<p>In the 1970s, advances in <a href="/wiki/Solid-state_(electronics)" class="mw-redirect" title="Solid-state (electronics)">solid-state</a> electronics made flanging possible using <a href="/wiki/Integrated_circuit" title="Integrated circuit">integrated circuit</a> technology. Solid-state flanging devices fall into two categories: analog and digital. The flanging effect in most newer digital flangers relies on <a href="/wiki/Digital_signal_processing" title="Digital signal processing">DSP</a> technology. Flanging can also be accomplished using computer software.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12">&#91;12&#93;</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13">&#91;13&#93;</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14">&#91;14&#93;</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15">&#91;15&#93;</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16">&#91;16&#93;</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17">&#91;17&#93;</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18">&#91;18&#93;</a></sup>
</p><p>The original tape-flanging effect sounds a little different from electronic and software recreations.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19">&#91;19&#93;</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20">&#91;20&#93;</a></sup> Not only is the tape-flanging signal time-delayed, but response characteristics at different frequencies of the tape and tape heads introduced <a href="/wiki/Phase_(waves)" title="Phase (waves)">phase</a> shifts into the signals as well. Thus, while the peaks and troughs of the comb filter are more or less in a linear harmonic series, there is a significant non-linear behaviour too, causing the timbre of tape-flanging to sound more like a combination of what came to be known as flanging and phasing.
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<h3><span id=".22Barber_pole.22_flanging"></span><span class="mw-headline" id="&quot;Barber_pole&quot;_flanging">"Barber pole" flanging</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Flanging&amp;action=edit&amp;section=3" title="Edit section: &quot;Barber pole&quot; flanging">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3>
<p>Also known as "infinite flanging", this sonic illusion is similar to the <a href="/wiki/Shepard_tone" title="Shepard tone">Shepard tone</a> effect, and is equivalent to an auditory "<a href="/wiki/Barber_pole" class="mw-redirect" title="Barber pole">barber pole</a>".<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21">&#91;21&#93;</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22">&#91;22&#93;</a></sup> The sweep of the flanged sound seems to move in only one direction ("up" or "down") infinitely, instead of sweeping back-and-forth. While Shepard tones are created by generating a cascade of tones, fading in and out while sweeping the pitch either up or down, barber pole flanging uses a cascade of multiple delay lines, fading each one into the mix and fading it out as it sweeps to the delay time limit. The effect is available on various hardware and software effect systems.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23">&#91;23&#93;</a></sup>
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<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Comparison_with_phase_shifting">Comparison with phase shifting</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Flanging&amp;action=edit&amp;section=4" title="Edit section: Comparison with phase shifting">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
<div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:202px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Flanging_vs_Phasing_effect.png" class="image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/0c/Flanging_vs_Phasing_effect.png/200px-Flanging_vs_Phasing_effect.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="304" class="thumbimage" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/0c/Flanging_vs_Phasing_effect.png/300px-Flanging_vs_Phasing_effect.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/0c/Flanging_vs_Phasing_effect.png/400px-Flanging_vs_Phasing_effect.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="778" /></a>  <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:Flanging_vs_Phasing_effect.png" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div><a href="/wiki/Spectrogram" title="Spectrogram">Spectrograms</a> of phasing and flanging effects</div></div></div>
<p>Flanging is one specific type of <a href="/wiki/Phaser_(effect)" title="Phaser (effect)">phase-shifting</a>, or "phasing".<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24">&#91;24&#93;</a></sup> In phasing, the signal is passed through one or more <a href="/wiki/All-pass_filter" title="All-pass filter">all-pass filters</a> with non-linear <a href="/wiki/Phase_response" title="Phase response">phase response</a> and then added back to the original signal.  This results in <a href="/wiki/Destructive_interference#Constructive_and_destructive_interference" class="mw-redirect" title="Destructive interference">constructive and destructive interference</a> that varies with frequency, giving a series of peaks and troughs in the frequency response of the system. In general, the position of these peaks and troughs do not occur in a <a href="/wiki/Harmonic_series_(music)" title="Harmonic series (music)">harmonic series</a>.
</p><p>In contrast, flanging relies on adding the signal to a uniform time-delayed copy of itself, which results in an output signal with peaks and troughs which <i>are</i> in a harmonic series.  Extending the comb analogy, flanging yields a comb filter with regularly spaced teeth, whereas phasing results in a comb filter with irregularly spaced teeth.
</p><p>In both phasing and flanging, the characteristics (phase response and time delay respectively) are generally varied in time, leading to an audible sweeping effect. To the ear, flanging and phasing sound similar, yet they are recognizable as distinct colorations. Commonly, flanging is referred to as having a "jet-plane-like" characteristic.  In order for the comb filter effect to be audible, the spectral content of the program material must be full enough within the frequency range of this moving comb filter to reveal the filter's effect.  It is more apparent when it is applied to material with a rich harmonic content, and is most obvious when applied to a <a href="/wiki/White_noise" title="White noise">white noise</a> or similar <a href="/wiki/Noise" title="Noise">noise</a> signal. If the frequency response of this effect is plotted on a graph, the trace resembles a comb, and so is called a <a href="/wiki/Comb_filter" title="Comb filter">comb filter</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25">&#91;25&#93;</a></sup>
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<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="See_also">See also</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Flanging&amp;action=edit&amp;section=5" title="Edit section: See also">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Comb_filter" title="Comb filter">Comb filter</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Moir%C3%A9_pattern" title="Moiré pattern">Moiré pattern</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Phaser_(effect)" title="Phaser (effect)">Phaser (effect)</a></li></ul>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="References">References</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Flanging&amp;action=edit&amp;section=6" title="Edit section: References">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1011085734">.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist">
<div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references">
<li id="cite_note-Martin-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Martin_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Martin_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r999302996">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration{color:#555}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription span,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration span{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output code.cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#33aa33;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}</style><cite id="CITEREFMartinPearson,_William1994" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/George_Martin" title="George Martin">Martin, George</a>; Pearson, William (1994). <i>Summer of Love: The Making of Sgt Pepper</i>. London: Pan Books. p.&#160;82. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-330-34210-X" title="Special:BookSources/0-330-34210-X"><bdi>0-330-34210-X</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Summer+of+Love%3A+The+Making+of+Sgt+Pepper&amp;rft.place=London&amp;rft.pages=82&amp;rft.pub=Pan+Books&amp;rft.date=1994&amp;rft.isbn=0-330-34210-X&amp;rft.aulast=Martin&amp;rft.aufirst=George&amp;rft.au=Pearson%2C+William&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFlanging" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Harald_Bode" title="Harald Bode">Bode, Harald</a> (October 1984) "History of Electronic Sound Modification". <i><a href="/wiki/Audio_Engineering_Society" title="Audio Engineering Society">Journal of the Audio Engineering Society</a></i>. Vol. 32, No. 10, p. 730. (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.matrixsynth.com/blog/media/misc/bode/History%20of%20electronic%20sound%20modification.pdf">Convenience archive</a><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">&#91;<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title="&#160;Dead link since July 2018">permanent dead link</span></a></i>&#93;</span></sup>).</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Thompson, Art (1997) <i>The Stompbox: A History of Guitar Fuzzes, Flangers, Phasers, Echoes and Wahs</i>. Backbeat Books, p. 24. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-87930-479-0" title="Special:BookSources/0-87930-479-0">0-87930-479-0</a></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-Lacasse2004-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Lacasse2004_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Lacasse, Serge (2004) <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mus.ulaval.ca/lacasse/texts/THESIS.pdf">'Listen to My Voice’: The Evocative Power of Vocal Staging in Recorded Rock Music and Other Forms of Vocal Expression</a></i>.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Lewisohn, Mark. <i>The Beatles: Recording Sessions</i> (New York: Harmony Books, 1988), page 70.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Hodgson, Jay (2010). <i>Understanding Records</i>, p.142. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4411-5607-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4411-5607-5">978-1-4411-5607-5</a>. Interludes between chorus and verse at 0:50–1:07, 1:40–2:05, and 2:20–2:46.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-KTelReissue10002-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-KTelReissue10002_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Diagram by Warren Kendrick – 'K-Tel Reissue CD 10002 (1991)'</span>
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<li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://mda.smartelectronix.com/effects.htm">"Thru-Zero Flanger - Classic tape-flanging simulation"</a>. <i>smartelectronix.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 April</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=smartelectronix.com&amp;rft.atitle=Thru-Zero+Flanger+-+Classic+tape-flanging+simulation&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmda.smartelectronix.com%2Feffects.htm&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFlanging" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.kvraudio.com/product/liquid-by-audio-damage">"Liquid by Audio Damage -  Modulation (Flanger / Phaser / Chorus / Tremolo) VST Plugin and Audio Units Plugin"</a>. <i>kvraudio.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 April</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=kvraudio.com&amp;rft.atitle=Liquid+by+Audio+Damage+-+Modulation+%28Flanger+%2F+Phaser+%2F+Chorus+%2F+Tremolo%29+VST+Plugin+and+Audio+Units+Plugin&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.kvraudio.com%2Fproduct%2Fliquid-by-audio-damage&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFlanging" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.instructables.com/id/Flanger-Effect-in-Audacity/">"Flanger Effect in Audacity - All"</a>. <i>instructables.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 April</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=instructables.com&amp;rft.atitle=Flanger+Effect+in+Audacity+-+All&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.instructables.com%2Fid%2FFlanger-Effect-in-Audacity%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFlanging" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://groups.google.com/group/rec.audio.pro/msg/c7055c32f0ab1992?hl=en">"Google Groups"</a>. <i>google.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 April</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=google.com&amp;rft.atitle=Google+Groups&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fgroups.google.com%2Fgroup%2Frec.audio.pro%2Fmsg%2Fc7055c32f0ab1992%3Fhl%3Den&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFlanging" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://filmandgamecomposers.com/blog/products/review-softube-fix-flanger-and-doubler/">"Music Software Review: Fix Flanger and Doubler by Softube"</a>. <i>filmandgamecomposers.com</i>. 27 May 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 April</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=filmandgamecomposers.com&amp;rft.atitle=Music+Software+Review%3A+Fix+Flanger+and+Doubler+by+Softube&amp;rft.date=2016-05-27&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ffilmandgamecomposers.com%2Fblog%2Fproducts%2Freview-softube-fix-flanger-and-doubler%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFlanging" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170418081038/http://philippseifried.com/blog/2011/11/01/dynamic-audio-4-comb-filters-flangers-and-chorus-effects/">"Realtime audio processing, part 4: Comb filters, Flangers and Chorus effects – a bit of theory - philippseifried.com"</a>. <i>philippseifried.com</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://philippseifried.com/blog/2011/11/01/dynamic-audio-4-comb-filters-flangers-and-chorus-effects/">the original</a> on 18 April 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 April</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=philippseifried.com&amp;rft.atitle=Realtime+audio+processing%2C+part+4%3A+Comb+filters%2C+Flangers+and+Chorus+effects+%E2%80%93+a+bit+of+theory+-+philippseifried.com&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fphilippseifried.com%2Fblog%2F2011%2F11%2F01%2Fdynamic-audio-4-comb-filters-flangers-and-chorus-effects%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFlanging" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wiki.analog.com/resources/tools-software/sigmastudio/toolbox/adialgorithms/flanger">"Flanger &#91;Analog Devices Wiki&#93;"</a>. <i>analog.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 April</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=analog.com&amp;rft.atitle=Flanger+%5BAnalog+Devices+Wiki%5D&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwiki.analog.com%2Fresources%2Ftools-software%2Fsigmastudio%2Ftoolbox%2Fadialgorithms%2Fflanger&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFlanging" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bluecataudio.com/Products/Product_Flanger/">"Blue Cat's Flanger - Classic Flanging Effect Audio Plug-in (VST, AU, RTAS, AAX, DirectX) (Freeware)"</a>. <i>bluecataudio.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 April</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=bluecataudio.com&amp;rft.atitle=Blue+Cat%27s+Flanger+-+Classic+Flanging+Effect+Audio+Plug-in+%28VST%2C+AU%2C+RTAS%2C+AAX%2C+DirectX%29+%28Freeware%29&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bluecataudio.com%2FProducts%2FProduct_Flanger%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFlanging" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://tal-software.com/products/tal-effects">"TAL - Togu Audio Line: TAL-Effects"</a>. <i>tal-software.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 April</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=tal-software.com&amp;rft.atitle=TAL+-+Togu+Audio+Line%3A+TAL-Effects&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftal-software.com%2Fproducts%2Ftal-effects&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFlanging" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://basicsynth.com/index.php?page=flangers">"Software Synthesis"</a>. <i>basicsynth.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 April</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=basicsynth.com&amp;rft.atitle=Software+Synthesis&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbasicsynth.com%2Findex.php%3Fpage%3Dflangers&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFlanging" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://forum.cockos.com/showthread.php?t=145303">"Authentic Tape Flanging in REAPER. - Cockos Incorporated Forums"</a>. <i>cockos.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 April</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=cockos.com&amp;rft.atitle=Authentic+Tape+Flanging+in+REAPER.+-+Cockos+Incorporated+Forums&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fforum.cockos.com%2Fshowthread.php%3Ft%3D145303&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFlanging" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/REAPER" title="REAPER">REAPER</a></span>
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<li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cycleback.com/sonicbarber.html">"The Sonic Barber Pole: Shepard's Scale".</a> at cycleback.com.</span>
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<li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.olilarkin.co.uk/index.php?p=eseries">"audio software by oli larkin"</a>. Olilarkin.co.uk<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 August</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=audio+software+by+oli+larkin&amp;rft.pub=Olilarkin.co.uk&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.olilarkin.co.uk%2Findex.php%3Fp%3Deseries&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFlanging" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.soundonsound.com/sound-advice/q-whats-difference-between-phasing-and-flanging">"Q. What's the difference between phasing and flanging?"</a>. <i>soundonsound.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 April</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=soundonsound.com&amp;rft.atitle=Q.+What%27s+the+difference+between+phasing+and+flanging%3F&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.soundonsound.com%2Fsound-advice%2Fq-whats-difference-between-phasing-and-flanging&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFlanging" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bluecataudio.com/Products/Bundle_FreewarePack/">"Blue Cat's Freeware Plug-ins Pack II"</a>. <i>bluecataudio.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 April</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=bluecataudio.com&amp;rft.atitle=Blue+Cat%27s+Freeware+Plug-ins+Pack+II&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bluecataudio.com%2FProducts%2FBundle_FreewarePack%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFlanging" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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</ol></div></div>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="External_links">External links</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Flanging&amp;action=edit&amp;section=7" title="Edit section: External links">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
<ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.aes.org/e-lib/browse.cfm?elib=1454">A Scientific Explanation of Phasing (Flanging)</a> from the <a href="/wiki/Audio_Engineering_Society" title="Audio Engineering Society">Audio Engineering Society</a></li></ul>
<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1006640987">.mw-parser-output .spoken-wikipedia{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;background-color:#f8f9fa;margin:0.5em 0;padding:0.2em;line-height:1.5em;font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .spoken-wikipedia-header{text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .spoken-wikipedia-listen-to{font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .spoken-wikipedia-files{text-align:center;margin-top:10px;margin-bottom:0.4em}.mw-parser-output .spoken-wikipedia-icon{float:left;margin-left:5px;margin-top:10px}.mw-parser-output .spoken-wikipedia-disclaimer{margin-left:60px;margin-top:10px;font-size:95%;line-height:1.6em}.mw-parser-output .spoken-wikipedia-footer{margin-top:10px;text-align:center}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .spoken-wikipedia{width:20em;float:right;clear:right;margin-left:1em}}</style><div class="spoken-wikipedia sisterproject noprint haudio"><div class="spoken-wikipedia-header"><span class="spoken-wikipedia-listen-to">Listen to this article</span> (<span class="duration"><span class="min">8</span> minutes</span>)</div><div class="spoken-wikipedia-files"><div class="center"><div class="floatnone"><div class="mediaContainer" style="width:200px"><audio id="mwe_player_2" controls="" preload="none" style="width:200px" class="kskin" data-durationhint="509.50893424036" data-startoffset="0" data-mwtitle="Flanging.ogg" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/0e/Flanging.ogg" type="audio/ogg; codecs=&quot;vorbis&quot;" data-title="Original Ogg file (81 kbps)" data-shorttitle="Ogg source" data-width="0" data-height="0" data-bandwidth="81289" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/0e/Flanging.ogg/Flanging.ogg.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" data-title="MP3" data-shorttitle="MP3" data-transcodekey="mp3" data-width="0" data-height="0" data-bandwidth="140648" /></audio></div></div></div>
</div><div class="spoken-wikipedia-icon"><img alt="Spoken Wikipedia icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Sound-icon.svg/45px-Sound-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" title="Spoken Wikipedia" width="45" height="34" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Sound-icon.svg/68px-Sound-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Sound-icon.svg/90px-Sound-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="96" /></div><div class="spoken-wikipedia-disclaimer"><a href="/wiki/File:Flanging.ogg" title="File:Flanging.ogg">This audio file</a> was created from a revision of this article dated 14&#160;September&#160;2007<span style="display:none">&#160;(<span class="bday dtstart published updated">2007-09-14</span>)</span>, and does not reflect subsequent edits.</div><div class="spoken-wikipedia-footer">(<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Media_help" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:Media help">Audio help</a>&#160;· <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Spoken_articles" title="Wikipedia:Spoken articles">More spoken articles</a>)</div></div>
<div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Music_production" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r992953826">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Music_production" title="Template:Music production"><abbr title="View this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Music_production" title="Template talk:Music production"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:Music_production&amp;action=edit"><abbr title="Edit this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Music_production" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Record_producer" title="Record producer">Music production</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Audio_engineer" title="Audio engineer">Engineering</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Audio_filter" title="Audio filter">Audio filter</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Audio_mastering" class="mw-redirect" title="Audio mastering">Audio mastering</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Audio_mixing_(recorded_music)" title="Audio mixing (recorded music)">Audio mixing</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Critical_distance" title="Critical distance">Critical distance</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Effects_loop" title="Effects loop">Effects loop</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Effects_unit" title="Effects unit">Effects unit</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Talk_box" title="Talk box">Talk box</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Wah-wah_pedal" title="Wah-wah pedal">Wah-wah pedal</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Diffusion_(acoustics)" title="Diffusion (acoustics)">Diffusion</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Microphone" title="Microphone">Microphone</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Overdubbing" title="Overdubbing">Overdubbing</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Ping-pong_recording" title="Ping-pong recording">Ping-ponging</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Punch_in/out" title="Punch in/out">Punch in/out</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Sound_recording" class="mw-redirect" title="Sound recording">Sound recording</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Tape_loop" title="Tape loop">Tape loop</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Audio_signal_processing" title="Audio signal processing">Signal <br /> processing</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Audio_time_stretching_and_pitch_scaling" title="Audio time stretching and pitch scaling">Pitch shift</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Auto-Tune" title="Auto-Tune">Auto-Tune</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Chorus_effect" title="Chorus effect">Chorus effect</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Dynamic_range_compression" title="Dynamic range compression">Compression</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Delay_(audio_effect)" title="Delay (audio effect)">Delay effect</a> (<a href="/wiki/Send_tape_echo_echo_delay" title="Send tape echo echo delay">STEED</a>)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Distortion_(music)" title="Distortion (music)">Distortion</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Double_tracking" title="Double tracking">Double tracking</a> (<a href="/wiki/Automatic_double_tracking" title="Automatic double tracking">ADT</a>)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Ducking" title="Ducking">Ducking</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Equalization_(audio)" title="Equalization (audio)">Equalization</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Exciter_(effect)" title="Exciter (effect)">Exciter effect</a></li>
<li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Flanging</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Octave_effect" title="Octave effect">Octave effect</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Noise_gate" title="Noise gate">Noise gate</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Phaser_(effect)" title="Phaser (effect)">Phaser</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Pumping_(audio)" title="Pumping (audio)">Pumping</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Reverberation" title="Reverberation">Reverberation</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Reverse_echo" title="Reverse echo">Reverse echo</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div class="hlist hlist-separated"><ul><li>Practices</li><li><br />aesthetics</li></ul></div></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hip_hop_production" title="Hip hop production">Hip hop production</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Lo-fi_music" title="Lo-fi music">Lo-fi</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Overproduction_(music)" title="Overproduction (music)">Overproduction</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Recording_studio_as_an_instrument" title="Recording studio as an instrument">Recording studio as an instrument</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Turntablism" title="Turntablism">Turntablism</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Wall_of_Sound" title="Wall of Sound">Wall of Sound</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Xenochrony" title="Xenochrony">Xenochrony</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div class="hlist hlist-separated"><ul><li>Roles</li><li><br /> professions</li></ul></div></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arrangement" title="Arrangement">Arranger</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Audio_engineer" title="Audio engineer">Audio engineer</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Backup_band" title="Backup band">Backup band</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Bandleader" title="Bandleader">Bandleader</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/DJ" class="mw-redirect" title="DJ">DJ</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Ghostwriter#Music" title="Ghostwriter">Ghostwriters in music</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Horn_section" title="Horn section">Horn section</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Orchestrator" class="mw-redirect" title="Orchestrator">Orchestrator</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Record_producer" title="Record producer">Record producer</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Rhythm_section" title="Rhythm section">Rhythm section</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Session_musician" title="Session musician">Session musician</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Backup_singer" class="mw-redirect" title="Backup singer">Backup singer</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ghost_singer" title="Ghost singer">Ghost singer</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Vocal_coach" title="Vocal coach">Vocal coach</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Click_track" title="Click track">Click track</a></li>
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